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Cerebrovascular Angiography Paradigm
1959 - 1965
Radiographic angiography matured into the core diagnostic tool for vascular disease, with emphasis on cerebral and extracranial arteries. Advances in contrast media enabled safer, more routine visualization of occlusive disease and supported surgical planning. The emergence of cine coronary arteriography introduced dynamic, real-time assessment that catalyzed the modern approach to coronary imaging and reinforced systematic carotid/vertebral plaque evaluation. Historical Significance: These developments unified the field around angiography as a primary modality for diagnosis and planning, linking cerebrovascular and coronary imaging through shared technique and interpretation. The period established a framework for recognizing anatomical variants and for assessing plaque burden, foreshadowing interventional strategies and standardized imaging protocols that persisted and evolved in subsequent decades.
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Noninvasive Dynamic Vascular Imaging
1966 - 1980
Noninvasive Multimodal Vascular Imaging
1981 - 1987
MRI-Ultrasound Vascular Imaging
1988 - 1994
Noninvasive Multi-Modal Cerebral Imaging
1995 - 2001
Multimodal Vascular Imaging
2002 - 2009
Ultrasound-Optical Vascular Imaging
2010 - 2016
Phenotype-Driven Vascular Imaging
2017 - 2023